Tourette's Syndrome
What is Tourette's Syndrome?
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Tourette syndrome or TS) is a neurological disorder that first manifests in childhood or adolescence, before the age of 18. Tourette's syndrome is characterized by many motor and phonic tics that last for more than a year. The first symptoms are usually involuntary movements (tics) of the face, arms, limbs, or trunk. These tics are frequent, repetitive, and rapid. The most common first symptom is a facial tic (blinking, twitching of the nose, grimacing). Other tics of the neck, trunk, and limbs may replace or be added.
These involuntary tics (which the patient does not control) can also be complicated and involve the whole body, such as kicking and stamping. Many people report feeling what are described as premonitory urges: the urge to perform a motor activity. Other symptoms such as groping, repetitive thoughts and movements, and obsessive disorders may also occur.
There are also vocal tics. These vocal tics (vocalizations) usually occur along with movements. Vocalizations can include growls, throat clearing, screaming, and barking. They can also be expressed as coprolalia (the involuntary use of obscene words or inappropriate words and phrases in the social context) or copropraxia (obscene gestures). Despite their wide public dissemination, coprolalia and copropraxis are not common in tic disorders.
Echolalia (repeating someone else's words or phrases like an echo) or coprolalia or copropraxis do not need to be present for a diagnosis of Tourette syndrome to be made. However, for the diagnosis to be confirmed, both involuntary movements and vocalizations must be present. Echo episodes are also reported, although less frequently. Among them can be found the repetition of words of others (echolalia), of own words (palilalia) and the repetition of movements of people.
Although the symptoms of TS differ from person to person and range from very mild to severe, most cases fall into the mild category. Related conditions may include attention problems (ADHD/ADD), impulsivity (and oppositional disorder), obsessive-compulsive behavior, and developmental learning disorders. There is usually a history of tics, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, or OCD in the family. Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders occur in all ethnic groups. Men are affected 3 to 4 times more often than women.
Most people with TS and other tic disorders can lead productive lives. There are no barriers to your achievements in personal and professional life. People with TS can be found in all professions. A goal of the Tourette Association is to educate patients and the public about the many facets of tic disorders. Increased public understanding and tolerance of TS symptoms are of vital importance to those who suffer from them.
The disorder is named after the French neuropsychiatrist who successfully described the illness in the late 19th century.
*Source:
Discoverer of Tourette Syndrome
Georges Albert Edouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette was born on 30th of October from 1857 on Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers , near poitiers , France .
Was a neurologist French. Is he eponymous the Tourette's syndrome , a neurological disorder.
On 1873 , at the age of 16, Tourette began his medical studies at Poitiers. Later he moved to Paris where he became a student, clerk, and home physician to his mentor, the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital. Charcot also helped him rise in his academic career. Tourette studied and taught psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism (current hypnosis ).
On 1884 Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette's syndrome in nine patients, for which he used the name "maladie des tics" (disease of the tics ). Charcot would rename the syndrome "Gilles de la Tourette's disease" in his honor.
On 1893 (or 1896 ) a former patient shot Tourette in the neck, claiming he had hypnotized her against her will; even so, he survived the attack. His mentor, Charcot, had recently died, and his young son had recently died, also tragically. After all these events, Tourette began to have sudden mood swings, which ranged from depression to hypomania . However, he continued to organize public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theater .
Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Otto von Bismarck [ citation needed ], and another article on the unhygienic conditions in the river's floating hospitals Thames . He analyzed, with Gabriel Legue, the account of the abbess Jeanne des Anges about her hysteria, which was supposedly based on her unrequited love for the priest Urbain Grandier , who would later be burned for witchcraft.
About 1902 , Tourette's disease worsened and he was dismissed from his post.
Gilles de la Tourette died on May 22nd from 1904 in a psychiatric hospital Lausanne , Switzerland .
*Wikipedia source
Tourtte Syndrome Research
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